RELIGION AS A FACTOR IN NATIONAL IDENTITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ITALY AND POLAND

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2292.2025/2-61/44-54

Keywords:

National identity, religious identity, nation, religion, Poland, Italy

Abstract

Вступ. Сучасний світ переживає період глибоких і динамічних трансформацій, це спонукає до пошуків джерела стабільності, впевненості у майбутньому, розуміння свого місця у соціумі та посилює роль соціальних груп для індивідів. У цій системі колективних ідентичностей національна та релігійна залишають за собою значущі позиції як в особистісному житті людей, так і в глобальному аспекті взаємодії різних соціальних груп.

Метою було дослідити взаємозв’язок національної та релігійної ідентичностей та їхній обопільний вплив – на прикладі Італії та Польщі.

Методи. Використано загальнонаукові та спеціальні методи дослідження, зокрема: теоретико-методологічний аналіз, компаративний (порівняльний) метод, історичний метод та контент-аналіз.

Результати. Визначено та проаналізовано теоретичні засади національної ідентичності та релігійної ідентичності, проведено компаративний аналіз взаємозв’язку нації та релігії на прикладі Італії й Польщі на основі історичних відомостей про взаємодію нації та католицизму у відповідних країнах, а також на основі контент-аналізу державних та релігійних гімнів обох держав як символічних атрибутів. Окреслено потенційні варіанти взаємодії та взаємовпливу національної та релігійної ідентичностей.

Висновки. Виявлено наявність зв’язку між національною та релігійною ідентичністю в Польщі й Італії, а також окреслено вплив, який вони здійснюють на символічні атрибути кожного суспільства. У результаті компаративного аналізу було виокремлено два варіанти взаємодії цих ідентичностей: фактор підсилення релігією національної ідентичності (приклад Польщі) та фактор утворення конфлікту (приклад Італії). На основі історичного аналізу доведено, що у випадку конфлікту (Італія) переважну силу мала національна ідентичність з одночасною трансформацією релігійної ідентичності, а не її деструкцією.

Background. The modern world is undergoing a period of profound and dynamic transformations, which prompts individuals to seek sources of stability, confidence in the future, and understanding of their place in society, thereby reinforcing the role of social groups. Within this system of collective identities, national and religious identities retain significant positions both in individuals’ personal lives and in the global context of interactions among various social groups. The aim of the study was to examine the interrelationship between national and religious identities and their mutual impact, based on the examples of Italy and Poland.

Methods. General scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: theoretical and methodological analysis, comparative method, historical method, and content analysis.

Results. The theoretical basis of national identity and religious identity was outlined and examined, a comparative analysis of the relationship between nation and religion was conducted based on the examples of Italy and Poland, relying on historical information about the interaction between the nation and Catholicism in the respective countries, as well as on the content analysis of the state and religious anthems of both countries as symbolic attributes. Potential variants of interaction and mutual impact of national and religious identities were outlined.

Conclusions. A connection between national and religious identity in Poland and Italy was identified, and the influence they exert on the symbolic attributes of each society was outlined. As a result of comparative analysis, two variants of interaction between these identities were highlighted: the factor of strengthening national identity through religion (the example of Poland) and the factor of conflict formation (the example of Italy). Based on historical analysis, it has been proven that in the case of conflict (Italy), national identity prevailed with the simultaneous transformation of religious identity, rather than its destruction.

Author Biography

  • Olena DOBRZHANSKA, PhD (Polit.), Assoc. Prof., Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

    Associate Professor Olena Dobrzhanska was born on 24 September, 1969 in Kyiv. She graduated from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in 1995.

    September 1999 – May 2009 – Assistant Professor at the Department of International Information, Institute of International Relations, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. In September 2008, Olena Dobrzhanska defended her Candidate of Sciences dissertation “Political Identity of Ukrainian Society in the Context of European Integration” (specialty 23.00.03 – Political Culture and Ideology).

    June 2009 – Associate Professor. She was awarded the academic rank of Associate Professor in 2011. August 2015 – April 2016 – Deputy Director on Monitoring and Analytical Issues at the Center for Communications, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv.

    May 2016 – May 2021 – Director of the Center for Communications, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Associate Professor Dobrzhanska has authored over 90 academic publications. She was a research supervisor for a PhD thesis (defended in 2025) (specialty 291 – International Relations, Social Communications, and Regional Studies). February 2021 – accreditation expert of educational programs, National Agency for Higher Education Quality Assurance (specialty 291 – International Relations, Social Communications, and Regional Studies).

    Associate Professor Dobrzhanska regularly participates in international conferences, national round table discussions, interinstitutional forums, conferences on strategic communications, information policy, information warfare, information safety.

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Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

RELIGION AS A FACTOR IN NATIONAL IDENTITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ITALY AND POLAND. (2025). Вісник: Міжнародні відносини, 61(2), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.17721/1728-2292.2025/2-61/44-54